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8. Habitat characteristics
Author: Lulëzim Shuka
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Deparment of Biology, Bulevardi Zogu i Pare, Tirana University, Al-1001 Tiranë, Albania. lulezim.shuka@fshn.edu.al
Introduction: The highest altitude above sea level in the Albanian territory is 2751 m (Korab Mountain) and the lowest is 8 meters below sea level (Këneta e Tërbufi), while the average altitude above sea level is 708 m.
Albania is characterized by different types of habitats, ecosystems and plant formations due to its diverse geomorphology, built from formations such as carbonates, serpentines, silicates, flysches and molasses.
Climate, hydrology, soil and vegetation are determined by the extensive exposure of the territory of Albania to the Adriatic and Ionian seas.
The mountain ranges stretch mainly from northwest to southeast (Albanian Alps) and run parallel to the coast from north to south. They are fragmented from east to west by many rivers and deep gorges
Outside of the high mountain areas in the north, east and south with their temperate climatic conditions, Albania's climate type is Mediterranean-subtropical with average annual temperatures up to 17.6°C in the south. Precipitation varies between a maximum of ~2500 mm in the north (Albanian Alps) and the south and a minimum of ~750 mm in the south (Korça district) with an average of about ~1430 mm.
Albania is characterized by a high diversity of ecosystems and habitats (marine and coastal ecosystems, wetlands, river deltas, sand dunes, lakes, rivers, Mediterranean scrub, broadleaf, coniferous and mixed forests, alpine and subalpine pastures and meadows) and very interesting ecosystems situated in high mountains. This variety of ecosystems provides the basis for the existence in the Albanian territory of a large number of plant species (3660 plant species). Approximately 16-20% of all European plant species occur in Albania, ranking it among the richest in the continent.
  
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NATURA 2000 |
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| HABITAT |
CODE |
NAME OF HABITAT |
PAL. CLASS. |
PLANTS |
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| COASTAL AND HALYYPHYTIC HABITATS |
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|
|
Open sea and tidal areas |
1130 |
Estuaries |
13.2; 11.2
(Arthrocnemetea) |
Carex spp., Myriophyllum spp., Phragmites australis, Potamogeton ssp., Scirpus spp. |
| |
|
|
|
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|
1150 |
* Coastal lagoons |
23.21 or 23.22
(Ruppieta maritimae, Potametea, Zosteretea or Charetea) |
Chara spp., Potamogeton pectinatus, Ruppia maritima, Lemna sp., Najas maritima, Phragmites australis, Potamogeton ssp., Typha spp. |
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|
|
Sea cliffs and shingle or stony beaches |
1210 |
Annual vegetation of drift lines |
17.2
(Cakiletea maritimae) |
Chara sp., Potamogeton pectinatus,
Ruppia maritima, Phragmites australis,
Potamogeton ssp., Typha spp. |
| |
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|
|
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|
1220 |
Perennial vegetation of stony
banks |
17.33 Vegetation of stony banks with Crithmum maritiumum |
Crithmum maritimum, Glaucium flavum |
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|
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|
1240 |
Vegetated sea cliffs of the Mediterranean coasts with |
18.22
(Crithmo-Limonietalia) |
Crithmum maritimum, Plantago subulata,
Silene sedoides, Limonium himariense,
L. ksamilum, Euphorbia spp. |
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|
Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic saltmarshes and salt meadows |
1410 |
Mediterranean salt meadows (Juncetalia maritimi) |
15.5
(Juncetalia maritimi) |
Juncus maritimus, J. acutus, Aster tripolium, Hordeum marinum, Alopecurus bulbosus,
Carex spp., Plantago crassifolia,
Blackstonia imperfoliata, Orchis morio,
Puccinellia festuciformis, Schoenoplectus litoralis,
Spergularia marina |
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|
1420 |
Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic halophilous scrubs |
15.6
(Sarcocornetea fruticosi) |
Halimione portulacoides, Inula critmoides,
Arthrocnemum spp., Halocnemum strobilaceum.
Vegetation of higher topographic level (Limonietalia): Limonium narbonense,
L. virgatum, Aster tripolum |
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Salt and gypsum inland steppes |
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* Mediterranean salt steppes (Limonietalia) |
15.8
(Limonietalia, Arthrocnemetalia) |
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| COASTAL SAND DUNES AND INLAND DUNES |
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| Coastal sand dunes and inland dunes |
2210 |
Crucianellion maritimae fixed
beach dunes |
16.223 Plant communities of
fixed dunes with Pancratium maritimum |
Pancratium maritimum |
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2250 |
* Coastal dunes with
Juniperus spp. |
16.27 Coastal dunes vegetation with J. macrocarpa |
Juniperus macrocarpa |
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2270 |
* Wooded dunes with
Pinus pinea and/or Pinus pinaster |
16.29 x 42.8 Semy natural vegetation of dunes with
P. pinea and cultivated pine,
P. halepensis |
Pinus pinea, P. halepensis, Juniperus macrocarpa |
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| FRESHWATER HABITATS |
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| Standing water |
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3140 |
Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters
with benthic vegetation
of Chara spp. |
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3150 |
Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or
Hydrocharition - type vegetation |
22.13 x (22.41 or 22.421) Hydrocharition, Magnopotamion |
Lemna spp., Spirodela spp., Hydrocharis morsus-ranae, Stratiotes aloides, Utricularia australis,
Ferns (Azolla), Potamogeton lucens, P. crispus,
P. praelongus, P. perfoliatus |
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3160 |
Natural dystrophic lakes and
ponds |
22.14
(Utricularietalia) |
Utricularia spp., Sparganium minimum,
Sphagnum sp., Nuphar lutea, Nymphaea alba, Carex lasiocarpa |
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| Running water |
3220 |
Alpine rivers and the herbaceous vegetation along their banks |
24.221 and
24.222
(River bank vegetation of Epilobion and Calamagrostion pseudophragmitis) |
24.221 - Epilobium hirsutum, Astragalus sempervirens, Dryas octopetala, Rumex scutatus, Saxifraga aizoides, S. bryoides
24.222 - Chondrilla chondrilloides, Calamagrostis pseudophragmites, C. arundinacea, C. varia, Erucastrum nasturtiifolium, Aethionema saxatile, Epilobium dodonaei, Erigeron acris,
Euphorbia cyparissias, Fumana procumbens, Anthyllis vulneraria ssp. alpestris, Campanula |
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3240 |
Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Salix elaeagnos |
24.224 x 44.112
(The woody vegetation of river bank with formations of Salix elaeagnos, Salix spp., Alnus spp., Betula spp. on
streams and rivers of alpine region) |
Salix elaeagnos, Salix purpurea, Alnus spp.,
Betula spp. |
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3280 |
Constantly flowing Mediterranean rivers with Paspalo-Agrostidion species and hanging curtains of
Salix and Populus alba |
24.53 Nitrophilous annual and perennial herbs and sedge formations of the alluvial banks on the rivers of mediterranean part of Albania |
Polypogon viridis, Cyperus fuscus, Salix spp., Populus alba |
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3290 |
Intermittently flowing
Mediterranean rivers of the
Paspalo-Agrostidion |
24.16 and
24.53 (Paspalo-Agrostidion) |
Polygonum amphibium, Ranunculus spp., Potamogeton natans, P. nodosus, P. pectinatus |
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| TEMPERATE HEATH AND SCRUB |
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|
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4060 |
Alpine and Boreal heaths |
31.42 (Rhododendro-Vaccinion) 31.47 (Juniperion nanae)
31.49 (Dryas octopetala) |
Vaccinium myrtillus, V. uliginosum
31.45 - Juniperus nana, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Juniperus communis, Erica herbacea, Daphne oleoides, Genista radiata, G. hassertiana, Chamaecytisus spp. |
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4090 |
Endemic oro-Mediterranean
heaths with gorse |
31.79-31.7A
(Daphno-Festucetea: Eryngio-Bromion, Astragalo-Seslerion) |
Astragalus angustifolius, Acantholimon androsaceum, Astragalus lacteus, Prunus prostrata, Convolvulus cochlearis, Aster alpinus,
Globularia spp., Minuartia stellata, Erysimum spp., Thymus teucrioides, Paronychia kapela,
Thymus spp., Anthyllis aurea, Achillea ageratifolia, Sideritis raeseri, S. montana, Linum flavum, Thymus boissieri, Sesleria caerulans |
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| SCLEROPHYLLOUS SCRUB (MATORRAL) |
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| Sub-Mediterranean and temperate scrub |
5110 |
Stable xerothermophilous formations with Buxus
sempervirens on rock slopes (Berberidion p.p.) |
31.82
(Amelanchiero-Buxion) |
Buxus sempervirens, Prunus spinosa, Prunus mahaleb, Cornus mas, Crataegus spp., Ligustrum vulgare, Viburnum lantana, Amelanchier ovalis, Geranium sanguineum, Dictamnus albus |
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|
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5130 |
Juniperus communis formations
on heaths or calcareous grasslands |
31.88
(Festuco-Brometea and Elyno-Sesleretea) |
Juniperus communis, Crataegus spp., Daphne oleoides, Rosa spp., Prunus spinosa |
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| Mediterranean arborescent matorral |
5210 |
Arborescent matorral with
Juniperus spp. |
32.131 to 32.133
The arborescent mattorral vegetation dominated by Juniperus oxycedrus, J. phoenicea, J. foetidissima, J. excelsa or J. sabina from sea
level up to Alpine region. |
Juniperus oxycedrus, J. phoenicea,
J. foetidissima, J. excelsa, J. sabina |
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|
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5330
|
Thermo-Mediterranean and
pre-desert scrub |
32.22
Tree-spurge formations of Euphorbia dendroides on the rocky coastal parts of south Albania |
Euphorbia dendroides |
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| Phrygana |
5410 |
West Mediterranean clifftop phryganas
(Astragalo-Plantaginetum subulatae) |
33.1 Thermo-Mediterranean sclerophyllous associations of Anthyllis hermanniae accompanied by Thymus capitatus, Thymelaea
hirsuta, Th. passerina, Helichrysum stoechas,
Plantago subulatum on clifftops and adjacent areas along the coastal parts |
Anthyllis hermanniae, Thymus capitatus,
Thymelaea hirsuta, Thymelaea passerina, Helichrysum stoechas, Plantago subulatum |
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5420 |
Sarcopoterium spinosum
phryganas |
33.3 Phrygana formations of the rocky coastal parts of south Albania, dominated by Sarcopoterium spinosum,
Thymus capitatus, Phlomis fruticosa, Anthyllis hermanniae etc. |
Sarcopoterium spinosum, Thymus capitatus, Phlomis fruticosa, Anthyllis hermanniae, Ballota nigras, B. rupestris, Erica manipuliflora, Fumana arabica, Cistus salvifolius, Pistacia lentiscus, Teucrium polium, Calicotome villosa, Micromeria graeca, Micromeria juliana, Salvia triloba,
S. officinalis, Stachys decumbens, S. cretica |
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| NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS |
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| Natural grasslands |
6110 |
* Rupicolous calcareous or
basophilic grasslands of the
Alysso-Sedion albi |
34.11
(Alysso alyssoidis-Sedion albi) |
Alyssum alyssoides, Arabis spp., Cerastium spp., Jovibarba spp., Saxifraga tridactylites, Sedum spp., Sempervivum spp. |
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6150 |
Siliceous alpine
and boreal grasslands |
36.11 Alpine formations of
Nardus stricta in siliceous substrate |
Veronica alpina; Juncus trifidus, Carex spp., Gnaphalium spp.; Salix herbacea; Sibbaldia procumbens; Saxifraga androsacea; Cardamine alpina; Cerastium cerastoides; Geum spp. |
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6170 |
Alpine and
subalpine calcareous grasslands |
36.41-36.43 (36.41724 ass.
Stipo-Festucetum Mic. 1994;
36.41723 ass. Seslerietum wetsteini Ht. 1937;
6.41724 ass. Onobrychido-Festucetum (Horv.) Mic.1994; 36.43821 ass. Cariceto-Helianthemum balcanicum Mic. 1994; ass. Helianthemo-Seslerietum
Horvat 1949;)
36.41724 ass. Stipo-Festucetum Mic. 1994; 36.41723 ass. Seslerietum wetsteini Ht. 1937; 36.41724 ass. Onobrychido-Festucetum (Horv.) Mic.1994 E4.41731 Balkan closed calcicolous fescue grasslands; E4.418; 36.43821 ass. Cariceto-Helianthemum balcanicum Mic. 1994; ass. Helianthemo-Seslerietum Horvat 1949; |
Dryas octopetala, Gentiana spp.,
Alchemilla spp., Anthyllis vulneraria,
Alyssum montanum, Astragalus spp.,
Aster alpinus, Draba aizoides, Globularia cordifolia, Helianthemum spp., Oxytropis korabensis,
O. dinarica, Antennaria dioica, Dryas octopetala, Draba aizoides, Erigeron uniflorus, Dianthus spp. |
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| Semi-natural dry grasslands ans scrubland facies |
6210 |
Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia)
(* important orchid sites) |
34.31 to 34.34
Festucetalia valesiacae, Brometalia erecti,
Trifolio-Geranietea (Aleancac. Saturejo-Thymion Micev. 1970; Xerobromion - Bromus erectus) |
Anthyllis vulneraria, Arabis hirsuta, Brachypodium pinnatum, Bromus sp., Campanula glomerata, Carex spp., Carlina vulgaris, Dianthus carthusianorum, Eryngium campestre, Koeleria pyramidata, Leontodon hispidus, Medicago sativa, Ophrys apifera, O. insectifera, Orchis mascula,
O. militaris, O. morio, O. purpurea, O. ustulata,
O. mascula, Polygala comosa, Primula veris, Sanguisorba minor, Scabiosa columbaria,
Veronica teucrium, Fumana procumbens, Globularia cordata, Hippocrepis comosa,
Adonis flammea, Euphorbia spp., Festuca valesiaca, Silene otites, Stipa joannis |
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6220 |
* Pseudo-steppe with grasses
and annuals of the Thero-Brachypodietea |
34.5
(Thero-Brachypodion) |
Brachypodium distachyum, B. retusum,
Trifolium spp. Trifolium cherleri, Trifolium scabrum, Eryngium campestre, Cynodon dactylon,
Bellis annua, Poa bulbosa, Erodium cicutarium, Plantago coronopus aggr. |
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6230 |
* Species-rich Nardus grasslands,
on siliceous substrates in
mountain areas |
35.1
Violo-Nardion plant formations
on Alpine region |
Antennaria dioica, Carex spp.,
Gentiana pneumonanthe, Hypericum maculatum, Hypochoeris maculata, Lathyrus montanus, Leontodon spp., Meum athamanticum,
Nardus stricta, Pedicularis brachyodonta,
P. petiolaris, Platanthera bifolia, Polygala vulgaris, Potentilla erecta, Veronica officinalis,
Viola schariensis |
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62A0 |
Eastern sub-mediteranean dry grasslands (Scorzoneratalia villosae) |
34.75
(Chrysopogono-Centaureetum cristatae, Danthonio- Scorzoneretum villosae) |
Carex humilis, Bromus erectus, Plantago argentea, Jurinea mollis, Pulsatilla vulgaris ssp. grandis,
Genista spp., Pedicularis petiolaris,
Sesleria juncifolii, Gentiana lutea, G. verna,
Trinia glauca, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi,
Festuca rupicola |
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62B0 |
* Serpentinophilous grasslands of Western Balkans |
Balkan alpine and sub-alpine serpentine grasslands |
Festucopsis serpentini, Stipa maeyeri, S. pennata, Alyssum spp., Onosma spp., Centaurea alba complex, C. candelabrum, C. kosaninii,
Dianthus spp., Campanula glomerata |
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| Sclerophillous grazed forests (dehesas) |
6310 |
Dehesas with evergreen Quercus spp. |
32.11 x 91.2
Formations with evergreen
oaks on the mediterranean
parts of Albania. |
Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis, Q. ilex, Q.coccifera |
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| Semi-natural tall-herb humid meadows |
6420 |
Mediterranean tall humid herb grasslands of the
Molinio-Holoschoenion |
37.4.
Mediterranean humid grasslands of tall grasses and rushes |
Scirpus holoschoenus, Molinia caerulea,
Briza minor, Trifolium resupinatum,
Schoenus nigricans, Juncus maritimus, J. acutus, Inula viscosa, Oenanthe pimpinelloides,
Eupatorium cannabinum, Prunella vulgaris,
Pulicaria dysenterica, Orchis laxiflora,
Dactylorhiza spp., Succisa pratensis,
Sanguisorba officinalis, Serratula tinctoria,
Genista tinctoria, Cirsium monspessulanum,
C. pyrenaicum, Senecio doria,
Lysimachia ephemerum sp. |
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|
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|
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6430 |
Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to alpine levels |
37.7 and 37.8
(Convolvulion sepium, Filipendulion and Betulo-Adenostyletea class) |
Glechoma hederacea, Epilobium hirsutum, Filipendula ulmaria, Petasites hybridus,
Cirsium oleraceum, Chaerophyllum hirsutum,
Alliaria petiolata, Lythrum salicaria,
Crepis paludosa, Aconitum lamarckii,
A. variegatums, Silene asterias,
Geranium sylvaticum, Trollius europaeus, Adenostyles alliariae, Digitalis grandiflora, Calamagrostis arundinacea, Cirsium helenioides |
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|
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| Mesophile grasslands |
6510 |
Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis) |
38.2
(Arrhenatherion and the Brachypodio-Centaureion) |
Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis, Arrhenatherum elatius, Trisetum flavescens ssp. flavescens, Pimpinella major, Centaurea jacea, Crepis biennis, Knautia arvensis,
Tragopogon pratensis, Daucus carota, Leucanthemum vulgare, Campanula patula, Leontodon hispidus, L. nudicaulis, Linum bienne, Oenanthe pimpinelloides, Malva moschata, Serapias cordigera, Plantago lanceolata,
Dactylis glomerata |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
6520 |
Mountain hay meadows |
38.3
Balkan mountain hay meadows |
Trisetum flavescens, Heracleum sphondylium,
Viola schariensis, Astrantia major, Carum carvi, Crepis mollis, C. pyrenaica, Bistorta major (Polygonum bistorta), Silene dioica, S. vulgaris, Campanula glomerata, Salvia pratensis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Crocus albiflorus,
C. albanicus, C. scardicus, C. bertiscensis,
C. veluchensis aggr., Geranium phaeum,
Narcissus poeticus, Gladiolus palustris,
Malva moschata, Valeriana repens, Schilla bifolia,
S. albanica, Trollius europaeus, Pimpinella major, Muscari botryoides, Lilium albanicum, Viola tricolor, Phyteuma orbiculare, Primula elatior,
Alchemilla spp. |
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Lilium albanicum, Albania |
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| RAISED BOGS AND MIRES AND FENS |
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| Sphagnum acid bogs |
7110 |
Transition mires and quaking bogs |
54.5
(Scheuchzerietalia palustris, Caricetalia fuscae) |
Carex spp., Cladonia spp., Campanula spp., Eriophorum vaginatum, Pinguicula balcanica,
P. hirtiflora, Molinia caerulea, Menyanthes trifoliata, Epilobium palustre |
| |
|
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|
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| Calcareous fens |
7230 |
Alkaline fens |
53.3
(Caricion davallianae, Phragmition) |
Schoenus nigricans, Carex spp., Carex davalliana, C. flava, Eriophorum latifolium,
Dactylorhiza incarnata, D. traunsteineri, D. majalis, Epipactis palustris, Pinguicula hirtiflora,
Primula hallerii |
| |
|
|
|
|
| ROCKY HABITATS AND CAVES |
|
|
|
|
| Scree |
8110 |
Siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels (Androsacetalia alpinae and Galeopsetalia ladani) |
61.1
(Androsacetalia alpinae) |
Androsace hedraeantha, A. villosa, Geum reptans, Linaria alpina, Doronicum
grandiflorum, Poa laxa, Veronica saturejoides, V. scardica,
Saxifraga pedemontana, Silene acaulis |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
8120
and
8140 |
Calcareous and calcshist screes of the montane to alpine levels (Thlaspietea rotundifolii) and
Eastern Mediterranean screes |
62.1
(Saxifrago-Potentilletum speciosiae Horv;
Sedo-Asperuletum doerfleri) Thlaspion rotundifolii,
Drypion spinosae,
Campanulion hawkinsonianae |
Draba spp., Thlaspi rotundifolium,
Hutchinsia alpina, Viola grisebachiana, V. albanica,
Silene caesia, Arabis alpina; Acinos alpinus, Saxifraga moschata, Morina persica,
Sideritis scardica, S. raeserii, Gypsophila repens, Valeriana bertiscea, V. montana, Leontodon spp., Drypis spinosa, Ranunculus brevifolius,
Senecio thapsoides, Aethionema saxatile, Campanula
hawkinsoniana, Arenaria serpentini,
Cardamine glauca, Alyssum scardicum |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation |
8210 |
Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation |
62.1
(Saxifrago-Potentilletum speciosiae, Sedo-Asperuletum doerfleri, Ramondo-Seslerietum tenuifoliae), Campanulion versicoloris |
Ceterach officinarum, Asplenium ruta-muraria, Draba aizoides, Artemisia eriantha,
Saxifraga marginata, Campanula versicolor,
C. austrahadriatica, C. aureliana |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
8220 |
Siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation |
62.25
(Silenion lerchenfeldianae and Sedo-Scleranthion) |
Silene lerchenfeldiana. Jovibarba heuffelii, Sempervivum kosaninii, S. marmoreum,
Saxifraga pedemontana, Minuartia spp.,
Carex kitaibeliana |
| |
|
|
|
|
| FORESTS |
|
|
|
|
| Forests of temperate Europe |
9110 |
Luzulo-Fagetum beech forests |
41.11
(Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba and Picea abies forests of subalpine and alpine zone) |
Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba, Picea abies,
Luzula luzuloides and Calamagrostis villosa, Vaccinium myrtillus, Pteridium aquilinum |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
9170 |
Galio-Carpinetum oak-hornbeam forests |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
9180 |
* Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines |
41.4
(Tilio-Acerion) |
Acer pseudoplatanus, Fraxinus excelsior,
Ulmus glabra, Tilia cordata, T. platyphyllos,
T. temontosa |
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91E0 |
* Alluvial forests with
Alnus glutinosa and
Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) |
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91L0 |
Illyrian oak –hornbeam forests (Erythronio-Carpinion) |
41.2A
Forests of Quercus robur or
Q. petraea, sometimes
Q. cerris and Carpinus betulus |
Quercus robur, Q. petraea, Q. cerris,
Carpinus betulus, Acer tataricum, Tilia tomentosa, Castanea sativa, Fraxinus angustifolia, Euonymus verrucosa, Lonicera caprifolium,
Cyclamen hederifolium, Dentaria pentaphyllos, Epimedium alpinum subsp. albanicum,
Erythronium dens-canis, Knautia drymeia, Helleborus spp., Asperula taurina, Primula vulgaris, Ruscus aculeatus, Tamus communis |
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91M0 |
Pannonian-Balkanic turkey oak- sessile oak forests |
41.76.
Thermo-xerophile forest with Quercus cerris, Q. petraea or
Q. frainetto, Acer tataricum |
Quercus petraea, Q. cerris, Q. frainetto,
Acer tataricum, Carpinus orientalis, Fraxinus ornus, Tilia tomentosa, Ligustrum vulgare,
Euonymus europaeus, Festuca heterophylla,
Carex spp., Poa nemoralis, Potentilla micrantha, Campanula persicifolia, Digitalis grandiflora,
Lychnis coronaria, Achillea distans, Silene nutans, S. viridiflora, Hieracium racemosum, Lathyrus niger, Veratrum nigrum, Asphodelus albus,
Helleborus odorus, Melittis melisophyllum, Glechoma hirsuta, Geum urbanum,
Genista tinctoria, Lithospermum purpurocaeruleum, Daphne blagayana |
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| Mediterranean deciduous forests |
9250 |
Quercus trojana woods |
41.78
(Quercetum trojanae) |
Quercus trojana and Q. pubescens |
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9260 |
Castanea sativa woods |
41.9
Castanea sativa forest |
Castanea sativa |
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9270 |
Hellenic beech forests
with Abies borisii-regis |
41.1A
Fagion hellenicum |
Abies borisii-regis |
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92A0 |
Salix alba and
Populus alba galleries |
44.141, 44.162 and 44.6.
Riparian forests of the Mediterranean |
Populus spp., Ulmus spp., Salix spp., Alnus spp., Acer spp., Tamarix spp., Quercus
robur,
Fraxinus angustifolia, Populus alba, P. nigra |
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92C0 |
Platanus orientalis woods |
44.71
(Plantanion orientalis) |
Platanus orientalis, Salix alba, S. elaeagnos,
S. purpurea, Alnus glutinosa, Cercis siliquastrum, Celtis australis, Populus alba, P. nigra, Juglans regia, Fraxinus ornus, Crataegus monogyna,
Cornus sanguinea, Ruscus aculeatus,
Vitex agnus-castus, Nerium oleander, Rubus spp., Rosa sempervirens, Hedera helix, Clematis vitalba, Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris, Ranunculus ficaria, Anemone blanda, Aristolochia spp.,
Saponaria officinalis, Symphytum bulbosum, Calamintha grandiflora, Melissa officinalis, Helleborus odorus, Cyclamen hederifolium, Galanthus reginae-olgae, Arum italicum,
Biarum tenuifolium, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata |
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92D0 |
Southern riparian galleries and thickets (NerioTamaricetea and Securinegion tinctoriae) |
44.81
(Tamaricion) |
Vitex agnus-castus, Tamarix spp., Nerium oleander, Viburnum tinus |
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| Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests |
9340 |
Quercus ilex and
Quercus rotundifolia forests |
45.3 mixture forest with Q. ilex |
Quercus ilex, Q. coccifera, Arbutus unedo,
Phillyrea angustifolia, Pistacia terebinthus, Jasminum fruticans, Smilax aspera,
Lonicera etrusca |
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9350 |
Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis forests |
41.79 Woods dominated by the semi-deciduous Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis,
on the Ionian coastal parts of Albania |
Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis |
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9530 |
* (Sub-) Mediterranean pine
forests with endemic black pines |
42.62 Western Balkanic Pinus nigra forests |
Pinus nigra |
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9540 |
Mediterranean pine forests with endemic Mesogean pines |
42.838 and 42.84. Mediterranean forests and old naturalised plantations of Pinus pinea and Pinus halepensis (Quercetalia ilicis) |
Pinus pinea and Pinus halepensis |
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9560 |
* Endemic forests with
Juniperus spp. |
42.A2-42.A4, Grecian juniper woods (Juniperetum excelsae), formations dominated by Juniperus foetidissima |
Juniperus excelsa, J. foetidissima, J. oxycedrus |
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95A0 |
High oro-Mediterranean
pine forests |
42.7 Balkan endemic forests
of Pinus heldreichii or
Pinus peuce |
Pinus heldreichii, Pinus peuce, Pinus mugo, Brachypodium pinnatum,
Calamagrostis arundinacea, Vaccinium myrillus, Luzula sylvatica |
Useful link
(url) Malatesta L., De Sanctis M., Ammann E., Attore F., Buffi F., Cambria V., Fratarcangeli C., Hoda P., Mahmutaj E., Meco M., Mullaj A., Shuka L. & Fanelli G. 2023. Bioregionalization of Albania: Mismatch between the flora and the climate suggests that our models of Southern European bioregions are in need of a revision. Folia Geobotanica. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12224-023-09432-7
Contact
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